Golfer's Elbow & Tennis Elbow: The MSR Process

Let's explore the specifics of two common but often misunderstood conditions: Golfer's Elbow and Tennis Elbow. Despite their sporty names, these conditions are not limited to athletes and can affect anyone who performs repetitive movements that strain the elbow joint.

By understanding the anatomy and biomechanics of these conditions, we can better appreciate their impact, the key structures involved, and the activities that might contribute to their occurrence. Whether you are a healthcare professional, a curious patient, or simply interested in learning more, this information can illuminate the complex interplay of structures that keep our elbows functioning smoothly.

Article Index:

• Golfer's Elbow: Medial Epicondylitis

• Tennis Elbow: Lateral Epicondylitis

• Kinetic Chain Dynamics: From Shoulders to Wrist

• The Nervous System In Elbow Health

• Orthopedic, Neurological, and Vascular Assessments

• Manual Therapy for Golfer's and Tennis Elbow

• Exercises

• Conclusion

• References

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Golfer's Elbow: Medial Epicondylitis

Anatomy and Biomechanics

• Pain and inflammation at the inside part of the elbow (medial epicondyle)

• The common flexor tendon connects forearm muscles to the medial epicondyle

• Carpi radialis and pronator teres muscles are involved in wrist flexion and rotation

Key Structures Affected

• Common flexor tendon

• Carpi radialis muscle

• Pronator teres muscle

Activities and Overuse

• Swinging a golf club

• Strong grip actions

• Repetitive wrist flexion

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Tennis Elbow: Lateral Epicondylitis

Anatomy and Biomechanics

• Pain and inflammation at the outside part of the elbow (lateral epicondyle)

• Common extensor tendon connects extensor muscles to the lateral epicondyle

• Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle (ECRB) involved in wrist extension and abduction

Key Structures Affected

• Origin of the common extensor tendon

• Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle (ECRB)

• Supinator muscle and extensor carpi radialis longus (in some cases)

Activities and Overuse

• Tennis backhand stroke

• Repetitive wrist extension or supination

• Occupational activities or daily tasks involving overuse of extensor muscles

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Kinetic Chain Dynamics: From Shoulders to Wrist

Understanding the kinetic chain—the interconnected network of muscles, joints, and fascia from shoulders to wrist—is vital to grasping the complexities of Golfer's and Tennis Elbow.

Shoulders

The shoulder complex plays a vital role in the kinetic chain. It comprises the scapula (shoulder blade), clavicle (collarbone), and humerus (upper arm bone) and allows a wide range of motion. The rotator cuff, a group of muscles and their tendons provides stability and facilitates shoulder movement.

Round shoulders (anterior posture) are a common issue in golf and tennis. This posture can strain the rotator cuff and upper back muscles, possibly increasing stress on the elbow.

Elbow

The elbow joint involves the interaction of the humerus, radius, and ulna (forearm bones). The key structures affected in Golfers' and Tennis Elbows are the medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus, where the forearm muscles attach.

In Golfer's Elbow, overuse of the muscles that flex the wrist and fingers can strain the medial epicondyle. In Tennis Elbow, the muscles involved in extending the wrist and fingers and supinating the forearm strain the lateral epicondyle.

Forearm

The forearm contains many muscles involved in wrist and finger movements. These muscles, encased in layers of fascia, can develop myofascial restrictions due to overuse, leading to pain and limited mobility.

Wrist

The wrist is a complex joint where the two forearm bones meet a collection of small bones. It's integral to the effective transfer of force from the body to the hand, such as when gripping a golf club or tennis racket. Imbalances in the forearm muscles can lead to wrist pain and reduced grip strength, further complicating the Golfer's or Tennis Elbow.

Integrated Approach

An effective treatment approach for these conditions involves assessing and addressing the entire kinetic chain. Identifying and treating areas of restriction, weakness, and imbalance can help restore optimal function and prevent re-injury. This might involve soft-tissue and osseous techniques, strengthening exercises, and mobility work targeting not just the elbow but also the shoulder, forearm, and wrist.

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The Nervous System In Elbow Health

Alongside soft tissue restrictions, nerve entrapment is another issue that can afflict many patients. For instance, a compressive nerve syndrome called Cubital Tunnel Syndrome may develop in the medial elbow. This condition involves the compression of the ulnar nerve within the cubital tunnel located on the inner side of the elbow. Ranking second only to Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Cubital Tunnel Syndrome is one of the most common nerve compression syndromes in the upper extremity.

Interestingly, about 60% of individuals with Golfer's Elbow also experience compression of the Ulnar Nerve. These patients often report altered sensations or numbness and tingling sensations affecting their ring and little fingers. However, it's crucial for practitioners to eliminate the possibility that the numbness originates from the neck - a condition known as cervical radiculopathy.

As for injuries to the lateral elbow (commonly referred to as Tennis Elbow), these could be coupled with radial nerve compression, otherwise known as "Radial Tunnel Syndrome." A number of patients initially diagnosed with Tennis Elbow may, in fact, be dealing with Radial Nerve Entrapment Syndrome. Therefore, for both ulnar and radial nerve entrapment cases, a thorough physical examination is critical to avoid misdiagnosis and to ensure the most effective treatment plan.

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Orthopedic, Neurological, and Vascular Assessments

An accurate and thorough diagnosis is the cornerstone of effective treatment. In the case of conditions like Golfer's and Tennis Elbow, this means conducting comprehensive orthopedic, neurological, and vascular assessments.

• Orthopedic tests allow us to evaluate the musculoskeletal system, including bones, joints, and soft tissues, to identify structural issues or restrictions.

• Neurological assessments help detect any nerve-related issues, such as nerve compression syndromes and evaluate the health of the nervous system.

• Vascular assessments are essential to examine the blood flow to the area and ensure that any circulatory issues that could influence healing and recovery are addressed.

Together, these assessments provide a holistic understanding of the patient's condition, enabling the creation of a personalized and effective treatment plan.

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Elbow Examination - Orthopaedic Testing

This video goes through inspection and observation, palpation, Active and Passive Ranges of motion, and orthopaedic examination of the Elbow.

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Upper Limb Neuro Exam

The upper limb neurological examination is part of the overall neurological examination process and assesses the motor and sensory neurons that supply the upper limbs. This assessment helps detect any impairment of the nervous system.

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Peripheral Vascular Examination - Key Points

A peripheral vascular examination is valuable for ruling out signs of vascular-related pathology. The detection and subsequent treatment of PVD can potentially mitigate cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications. In this video, we review some common procedures we perform in daily clinical practice.

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Manual Therapy for Golfers and Tennis Elbow

The upcoming videos showcase some of the Myofascial Release (MSR) techniques we frequently employ to treat our patients suffering from Golfers' or Tennis Elbows. These techniques encompass a mix of soft-tissue procedures and osseous (bone) manipulation. We firmly believe that effective treatment isn't just about focusing on the area of pain, in this case, the elbow. Instead, we broaden our approach to encompass the larger kinetic chain when necessary.

This means we also address other interconnected muscles, joints, and fascia that could be contributing to the problem. By integrating the entire body into our therapeutic approach, we aim to alleviate symptoms, address root causes, and promote overall musculoskeletal health.

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MSR Elbow Release Protocol - Golfer's & Tennis Elbow

Each case of elbow pain should be assessed and treated as a unique dysfunction specific to that individual. Certain cases involve only local structures, while others can involve a much larger kinetic chain. The MSR procedures I am demonstrating are very effective at addressing elbow pain.

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MSR - Ulnar Nerve Release

As mentioned earlier, up to 60% of patients with Golfer’s Elbow also suffer from Ulnar Nerve Compression. (3) Patients with ulnar nerve compression often complain about sensory changes in the fourth and fifth fingers. They may also complain of trouble when opening jars, or turning doorknobs, or experience weakness when performing work that requires repetitive motion. In this video, we focus on releasing the ulnar nerve by using Motion Specific Release (MSR) procedures.

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Exercises

The subsequent videos present a selection of exercises that we commonly recommend to our patients experiencing elbow discomfort. Please note, this is merely a snapshot of the potential exercises we could suggest, and these are shared for illustrative purposes only. These exercises aim to promote strength, flexibility, and overall elbow health for those dealing with conditions like Golfer's and Tennis Elbow.

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5 Minute Elbow Pain Relief

Have a sore elbow? Then try our "5 Minute Elbow Pain Relief" routine. Doing this routine several times per day can make a huge difference in eliminating your elbow pain.

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Five Great Daily Shoulder Mobilization Exercises

Elbow problems often involve restrictions in the shoulder. For best results, you can perform these exercises throughout your day. These exercises can make a huge difference in your posture, especially when you have been sitting for long periods of time.

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Ulnar Nerve Flossing Exercises

If you have Ulnar Nerve Entrapment Syndrome (60% of patients with golfers elbow, then you can use the exercises in this video to floss, mobilize, and release this nerve from its surrounding tissues.

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Conclusion

In summary, Golfer's Elbow and Tennis Elbow affect more than just athletes—they can impact anyone performing repetitive movements that stress the elbow joint. Our innovative Motion Specific Release (MSR) treatments, combined with individualized exercise programs, offer a comprehensive approach to managing and alleviating these conditions.

Through a deep understanding of anatomy, biomechanics, and the interconnected kinetic chain, we deliver targeted therapies that address the root causes of pain. Our MSR techniques and tailored exercise routines not only relieve symptoms but also enhance overall musculoskeletal health.

Whether you're a healthcare professional, a patient, or simply curious, this knowledge empowers you to understand and tackle these conditions confidently. Explore the detailed sections in the article index for more in-depth information and practical solutions tailored to your needs.

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References

1. Hayter, C. L., & Giuffre, B. M. (2009). Overuse and traumatic injuries of the elbow. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America, 17(4), 617-638.

2. Neal, S. L., & Fields, K. B. (2010). Peripheral nerve entrapment and injury in the upper extremity. American Family Physician, 81(2), 147-155.

3. Hariri, S., & McAdams, T. R. (2010). Nerve injuries about the elbow. Clinical Sports Medicine, 29(4), 655-675.

4. Thiele, S., Thiele, R., & Gerdesmeyer, L. (2015). Lateral epicondylitis: This is still a main indication for extracorporeal shockwave therapy. International Journal of Surgery, 24(Pt B), 165-170.

5. Descatha, A., Leclerc, A., Chastang, J. F., & Roquelaure, Y. (2003). Medial epicondylitis in occupational settings: prevalence, incidence and associated risk factors. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 45(9), 993-1001.

6. Huisstede, B. M., Miedema, H. S., Verhagen, A. P., Koes, B. W., & Verhaar, J. A. (2007). Multidisciplinary consensus on the terminology and classification of complaints of the arm, neck and/or shoulder. Occupational and environmental medicine, 64(5), 313-319.

7. Degen, R. M., Cancienne, J. M., Camp, C. L., Altchek, D. W., Dines, J. S., & Werner, B. C. (2018). Three common presenting symptoms of medial epicondylitis: pain, loss of strength, and functional disability. Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery, 27(6), 1072-1077.

8. Peterson, M., Butler, S., Eriksson, M., & Svärdsudd, K. (2014). A randomized controlled trial of exercise versus wait-list in chronic tennis elbow (lateral epicondylosis). Upsala journal of medical sciences, 119(4), 352-359.

9. Thiese, M. S., Hegmann, K. T., Kapellusch, J., Merryweather, A. S., Bao, S., Silverstein, B., ... & Garg, A. (2014). Effects of varying case definition on carpal tunnel syndrome prevalence estimates in a pooled cohort. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 95(12), 2320-2326.

10. Frontera, W. R., & Silver, J. K. (Eds.). (2014). Essentials of physical medicine and rehabilitation: musculoskeletal disorders, pain, and rehabilitation. Elsevier Health Sciences.

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DR. BRIAN ABELSON, DC. - The Author

With over 30 years of clinical experience and a track record of treating more than 25,000 patients, Dr. Abelson developed the Motion Specific Release (MSR) Treatment Systems to provide powerful and effective solutions for musculoskeletal issues.

As an internationally best-selling author, he is passionate about sharing knowledge and techniques that can benefit the broader healthcare community. A perpetual student, Dr. Abelson continually integrates cutting-edge methods into the MSR programs, with a strong emphasis on multidisciplinary and patient-centered care.

Beyond his professional life, Dr. Abelson is a dedicated husband and father of two. He and his wife share a deep love for international travel, immersing themselves in different cultures, music, and the joy of connecting with people around the world. An Ironman triathlete and marathon runner for over 30 years, he is also a committed environmentalist with a passion for human rights. His practice, Kinetic Health, is based in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

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